第1章 MySQL安装故障小结
1.1 WARNING:The host 'mysql' could not be looked up with resolveip.
【原因】
MySQL无法解析主机名。
【解决】
修改主机名解析即可，使其和uname -n 一样，修改后的结果如下：
[[email protected] ~]# grep `uname -n` /etc/hosts 172.16.1.8 web01
1.2 ERROR:1004 Can't create file '/tmp/#sql300e_1_0.frm' (errno: 13)
【原因】
/tmp目录权限出现问题，默认为1777权限。
【解决】
还原/tmp目录权限：
[[email protected] ~]# ll -d /tmp drwxrwxrwt. 4 root root 4096 Sep 13 19:58 /tmp [[email protected] ~]# chmod -R 1777 /tmp/
1.3 ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/web01.pid).
【现象】
[email protected] tools]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL...... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/web01.pid).
【原因】
MySQL的配置文件（/etc/my.cnf）有问题（名字不对或内容不对）。
【解决】
复制默认的配置文件为/etc/my.cnf：
[[email protected] tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
1.4 MySQL无法登录的故障
【现象】
[[email protected] tools]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password:NO)
【原因及解决】
- 数据库初始化有问题：删除并重新初始化数据库
- MySQL数据库文件损坏了
- MySQL数据目录权限问题
- 检查主机名对应的主机IP解析是否正确
第2章 nginx常见错误说明
2.1 编译环境不完整导致的问题
2.1.1 gcc未安装导致的错误
【现象】
[[email protected] nginx-1.10.3]# ./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.10.3 --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module checking for OS + Linux 2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64 x86_64 checking for C compiler ... not found <strong>./configure: error: C compiler cc is not found</strong>
【解决】
yum install -y gcc
2.1.2 gcc安装不全导致的错误
【现象】
[[email protected] nginx-1.10.3]# make && make install make all-am <strong>make[1]: Entering directory `/server/tools/pcre-8.30'</strong> <strong> CXX pcrecpp.lo</strong> <strong>libtool: compile: unrecognized option `-DHAVE_CONFIG_H'</strong> <strong>libtool: compile: Try `libtool --help' for more information</strong> <strong>make[1]: *** [pcrecpp.lo] 错误 1</strong> <strong>make[1]: Leaving directory `/server/tools/pcre-8.30'</strong> <strong>make: *** [all] 错误2</strong>
【解决】
yum install -y gcc-c++
2.2 软件依赖包未正确安装问题
2.2.1 PCRE依赖包没有安装
【现象】
<strong>./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.</strong> You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.
【解决】
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
2.2.2 OPENSSL依赖包没有安装
【现象】
<strong>./configure: error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library.</strong> You can either do not enable the modules, or install the OpenSSL library into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-openssl=<path> option.
【解决】
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
2.3 nginx软件启动过程中遇到的问题
2.3.1 nginx软件重复启动产生的错误信息
【现象】
[[email protected] nginx-1.10.2]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed <strong>(98: Address already in use)</strong> nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
【解决】
nginx软件已经启动无需反复启动，如果需要重新启动需要停止nginx进程或者用reload方式进行重启。
2.3.2 nginx:[emerg] getpwnam("www") failed
【现象】
[[email protected] ~]# /application/nginx-1.10.3/sbin/nginx <strong>nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("www") failed</strong>
【解决】
由于没有对应的nginx服务用户，产生此错误，执行useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www用户即可。
2.4 查看以前（或别人安装时）软件编译安装时的配置信息
[[email protected] application]# <strong>nginx -V</strong> nginx version: nginx/1.10.3 built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/application/nginx-1.10.3 --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
2.5 浏览器、wget或curl等软件无法访问Nginx页面
2.5.1 服务端排查思路
- 查看SELinux是否关闭：
[[email protected] ~]# getenforce Disabled
- 检查防火墙是否关闭：
[[email protected] ~]# service iptables status iptables: Firewall is not running.
- 检查本地端口、进程和URL：
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntup | grep 80 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 26911/nginx [[email protected] ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx root 26911 1 0 16:34 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx www 26989 26911 0 17:10 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www 26990 26911 0 17:10 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www 26991 26911 0 17:10 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 27230 1375 0 20:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nginx [[email protected] ~]# wget http://10.0.0.8 --2017-09-11 20:21:21-- http://10.0.0.8/ Connecting to 10.0.0.8:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 612 [text/html] Saving to: “index.html” 100%[==========================>] 612 --.-K/s in 0s 2017-09-11 20:21:21 (26.8 MB/s) - “index.html” saved [612/612]
- 查看错误日志：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /application/<strong>nginx/logs/error.log</strong> 2017/09/11 16:18:23 [error] 26876#0: *1 open() "/application/nginx-1.10.3/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.0.0.253, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "10.0.0.8", referrer: "http://10.0.0.8/" 2017/09/11 16:33:15 [notice] 26904#0: signal process started 2017/09/11 16:34:03 [notice] 26908#0: signal process started 2017/09/11 16:34:03 [error] 26908#0: open() "/application/nginx-1.10.3/logs/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory) 2017/09/11 16:34:34 [notice] 26909#0: signal process started 2017/09/11 16:34:34 [error] 26909#0: open() "/application/nginx-1.10.3/logs/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory) 2017/09/11 16:34:57 [notice] 26913#0: signal process started 2017/09/11 17:10:39 [notice] 26988#0: signal process started
2.5.2 客户端排查
- nginx软件排查问题三部曲说明：
- 在客户端上ping服务器端IP，检查链路是否通畅
ping 10.0.0.8 #排除物理链路影响
- 在客户端上telnet服务器端IP、端口，检查链路访问是否通畅
telnet 10.0.0.8 80 #排除防火墙等的影响
- 在客户端上wget检测模拟页面访问是否正常
wget 10.0.0.8 #模拟用户访问，排除http服务自身的问题，根据输出排错 或 curl -I 10.0.0.8
第3章 PHP安装故障小结
3.1 configure: error: xslt-config not found. Please reinstall the libxslt >= 1.1.0 distribution。
【原因】
没有安装libxslt库造成的。
【解决】
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y libxslt-devel
3.2 configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under /application/mysql/.
【现象】
configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under /application/mysql/. Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!
【原因】
未安装或安装失败MySQL数据库，导致PHP配置编译的时候无法识别指定的数据库。
【解决】
重新安装MySQL数据库或将配置参数的--with-mysql=/application/mysql/去掉（此时将只支持PHP默认自带的MySQLnd数据库）。
3.3 make[1]: *** [install-pear-installer] Error 127
【现象】
/server/tools/php-5.5.32/sapi/cli/php: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory make[1]: *** [install-pear-installer] Error 127 make: *** [install-pear] Error 2
【原因】
PHP找不到指定的库，一般是相应库的路径不对导致的。
【解决】
[[email protected] php-5.5.32]# ln -s /application/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/
3.4 make: *** [ext/phar/phar.php] Error 127
【现象】
Generating phar.php /server/tools/php-5.5.32/sapi/cli/php: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory make: *** [ext/phar/phar.php] Error 127
【原因】
提示不能访问ex/phar/phar.phar这个目录或文件。
【解决】
[[email protected] php-5.5.32]# touch ext/phar/phar.phar
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