第1章 Python升级
1.1 Python 2.6升级到2.7
1.1.1 升级到2.7
1.1.1.1 安装依赖库
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y sqlite-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
1.1.1.2 解压Python2.7
[[email protected] ~]# cd /server/tools/ [[email protected] tools]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.14/Python-2.7.14.tar.xz [[email protected] tools]# unxz Python-2.7.14.tar.xz [[email protected] tools]# tar xf Python-2.7.14.tar
1.1.1.3 配置编译安装Python2.7
[[email protected] tools]# cd Python-2.7.14 [[email protected] Python-2.7.14]# ./configure --enable-shared --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions --with-zlib [[email protected] Python-2.7.14]# vim ./Modules/Setup 467 zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz # 去掉注释 [[email protected] Python-2.7.14]# make && make install
1.1.1.4 更新系统Python版本
[[email protected] ~]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6.6 [[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
1.1.1.5 更改yum源使用的Python版本
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/bin/yum #!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.6.6
1.1.1.6 查看Python版本
[[email protected] ~]# python -V
1.1.2 Python2.7安装pip
1.1.2.1 安装pip
[[email protected] ~]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py [[email protected] ~]# python get-pip.py
1.1.2.2 创建软链接
[[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip2.7 /usr/bin/pip
1.1.3 Python2.7安装django
[[email protected] ~]# pip install django==1.6.9 # 后面数字为django版本信息
1.2 Python 2.6升级到3.x
1.2.1 升级到3.x
1.2.1.1 安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y gcc libbz2 readline-devel sqlite-devel zlib-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel libffi-devel
1.2.1.2 下载python安装包
[[email protected] ~]# wget -P /server/tools https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0a1.tgz
1.2.1.3 配置编译安装python3.x
[[email protected] ~]# cd /server/tools/ [[email protected] tools]# tar xf Python-3.7.0a1.tgz [[email protected] tools]# cd Python-3.7.0a1 [[email protected] Python-3.7.0a1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python-3.7.0a1 --enable-optimizations [[email protected] Python-3.7.0a1]# make && make install
1.2.1.4 设置python系统环境
[[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python-3.7.0a1/ /usr/local/python [[email protected] ~]# ln -fs /usr/local/python/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python
1.2.2 设置pip环境变量
# Python3.x默认已安装pip [[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip [[email protected] ~]# export PATH=/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH
1.2.3 Python3.x安装Django
[[email protected] ~]# pip install django
1.3 Python安装时的问题
1.3.1 提示找不到libpython2.7.so.1.0
【问题现象】：
[[email protected] ~]# python -V python: error while loading shared libraries: libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory [[email protected] ~]# ldd /usr/bin/python linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffed2c9d000) libpython2.7.so.1.0 => not found # 找不到libpython2.7.so.1.0文件 libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000003003e00000) libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000003003600000) libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x0000003005600000) libz.so.1 => /lib64/libz.so.1 (0x0000003004600000) libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x0000003004a00000) libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000003003a00000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003003200000)
【原因分析】：
Python软件找不到libpython2.7.so.1.0文件。
【解决方法】：
查找libpython2.7.so.1.0文件位置：
[[email protected] ~]# whereis libpython2.7.so.1.0 libpython2.7.so.1: /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 添加libpython2.7.so.1.0文件到Python软件中： [[email protected] ld.so.conf.d]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ [[email protected] ld.so.conf.d]# vim python.conf /usr/local/lib [[email protected] ~]# ldconfig [[email protected] ~]# ldd /usr/bin/python linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffeccfab000) libpython2.7.so.1.0 => /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 (0x00007fd718e43000) # 已经识别了 libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x0000003003e00000) libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x0000003003600000) libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x0000003005600000) libz.so.1 => /lib64/libz.so.1 (0x0000003004600000) libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x0000003004a00000) libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000003003a00000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003003200000)
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